| A |
| AACR2 |
Anglo American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd edition
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| Accessibility |
the characteristics of Web content and whether or not it is accessible to people with disabilities
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| ADAM |
Art, Design, Architecture & Media information gateway (UK)
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| ADS |
Archaeology Data Service
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| AHDS |
Arts and Humanities Data Service
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| AIHW |
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
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| ANSI |
American National Standards Institute
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| Assigned indexing |
Manual addition of meaningful terms to the records in a gateway to facilitate searching, usually taken from a pre-existing controlled vocabulary (see also derived indexing)
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| Authority file |
Cataloguing tool that offers the cataloguer a set list of options from which they must choose
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| B |
| BC |
Nederlandse Basisclassificatiel (Dutch Basic Classification, a Dutch national classification scheme used in the Pica Shared Cataloguing System.
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| BNB |
British National Bibliography
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| Boolean searching |
Database searching using the Boolean operators AND, OR, NOT to link keywords to refine the search.
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| Browsing |
Information retrieval by navigating through a set of Web pages containing lists of resources grouped by subject
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| C |
| CGI |
Common Gateway Interface - A standard for running external programs from a World-Wide Web HTTP server. CGI specifies how to pass arguments to the executing program as part of the HTTP request. It also defines a set of environment variables. Commonly, the program will generate some HTML which will be passed back to the browser but it can also request URL redirection. (definition from The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing)
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| CEN |
European Committee for Standardisation
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| Centroid |
A centroid can be thought of as a simple inverted index mechanism that can be shared amongst servers in a network environment in order to provide hints as to the location of data in a large, loosely coupled distributed database. A centroid is used by a server or user client to provide it with hints as to which other servers might contain information that is relevant to a user's search. These hints are known as 'forward knowledge'.
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| CIMI |
Computer Interchange of Museum Information
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| CIP |
Common Indexing Protocol
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| CLIR |
Cross Language Information Retrieval
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| CNIDR |
Center for Networked Information Discovery and Retrieval
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| CoBRA |
Computerised Bibliographic Record Actions
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| Controlled vocabulary |
A set of rules for cataloguing and indexing, where only words from an agreed list may be used in the resource description
|
| CORC |
OCLC Co-operative Online Resource Catalog project
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| CPAN |
Comprehensive Perl Archive Network
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| cross-browsing |
Browsing, where the Web pages contain resources from more than one gateway
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| cross-searching |
Searching, where the search takes place across more than one gateway
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| crosswalk |
a mapping between two different formats
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| CTE |
Content Transfer Encoding
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| D |
| DB |
database
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| DC |
Dublin Core
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| DDC |
Dewey Decimal Classification
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| DDC21 |
Dewey Decimal Classification, 21st edition
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| DEF |
Danmarks Elektroniske Forskningsbibliotek (Denmark's Electronic Research Library)
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| Derived indexing |
Automatically extracting a list of terms from the documents in a collection to facilitate searching (see also assigned indexing)
|
| DESIRE |
Project funded under the Europena Union's Telematics for research Programme to enhance and facilitate Web usage among researchers in Europe (producer of this handbook)
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| DOI |
Digital Object Identifier
|
| DTD |
Document Type Definition
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| Dublin Core |
A metadata format defined on the basis of international consensus which has defined a minimal information resource description, generally for use in a WWW environment.
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| DutchESS |
Dutch Electronic Subject Service
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| E |
| EAD |
Encoded Archival Description
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| EDR |
Environmental Data Registry
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| EELS |
Engineering Electronic Library, Sweden
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| EEVL |
Edinburgh Engineering Virtual Library
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| Ei |
Engineering Information
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| Elib |
The Electronic Libraries Programme (UK)
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| EPA |
Environmental Protection Agency
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| EUNI |
List of European Universities, provided by Adminet in France
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| F |
| FGDC |
Federal Geographic Data Committee - Content Standards for Digital Geospatial metadata
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| FTP |
File Transfer Protocol
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| G |
| GKD |
Gemeinsame Körperschaftsdatei
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| GNU |
The Free Software Foundation's project to provide a freely distributable replacement for Unix.
|
| Granularity |
The question of what constitutes a resource for cataloguing purposes
|
| Guerrilla HCI |
Term coined by Jacob Nielsen to describe the rationale behind discount usability engineering and how to put it into practice. Further information can be found at http://www.useit.com/papers/guerrilla_hci.html
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| H |
| Harvester |
Software for collecting and indexing resources and associated metadata according to specified rules
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| HCI |
Human Computer Interaction
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| HDS |
History Data Service
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| HEI |
Higher Education Institution
|
| Heuristic evaluation |
Heuristic evaluation is a discount usability engineering method for quick, cheap and easy evaluation of a user interface design. Further information is available at http://www.useit.com/papers/heuristic/
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| I |
| IAB |
Internet Activities Board
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| IAFA |
Internet Anonymous FTP Archive
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| IEC |
International Electrotechnical Commission
|
| IETF |
Internet Engineering Task Force
|
| IFLA |
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
|
| ILRT |
Institute for Learning and Research Technology, University of Bristol
|
| IMesh |
An informal group for the discussion of international collaboration on Internet subject gateways
|
| Information provider |
The publisher or owner of a resource
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| InterCat |
OCLC Internet Cataloging project
|
| Interoperability |
A broad term, encompassing many of the issues where distributed databases and resources on the Internet might be made to work together, offering the user the ability to access, cross-search and cross-browse them from a single interface.
|
| ISAAC |
Project Isaac - A Distributed Architecture for Resource Discovery Using Metadata - managed by the Scout Project
|
| ISBD |
International Standard Bibliographic Description
|
| ISBD(CF) |
International Standard Bibliographic Description for Computer Files
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| ISBD(ER) |
International Standard Bibliographic Description for Electronic Resources
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| ISO |
International Standards Organisation
|
| ISSN |
International Standard Serial Number
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| L |
| LCC |
Library of Congress Classification
|
| LCNAF |
Library of Congress Name Authority File
|
| LCSH |
Library of Congress Subject Headings
|
| LDAP |
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
|
| LDIF |
LDAP Data Interchange Format
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| M |
| MARC |
Machine Readable Cataloguing. A family of formats based on ISO 2709 for the exchange of bibliographic and other related information in machine readable form. For example, USMARC, UKMARC and UNIMARC.
|
| MESH |
Medical Subject Headings
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| Metadata |
Data which provides information about a resource.
|
| MIME |
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
|
| N |
| NHIK |
National Health Information Knowledgebase
|
| NISO |
National Information Standards Organisation
|
| NLM |
National Library of Medicine
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| O |
| OCLC |
Online Computer Library Center
|
| OMNI |
Organising Medical Networked Information (Medical gateway in the UK)
|
| OPAC |
Online Public Access Catalogue
|
| OTA |
Oxford Text Archive
|
| P |
| PADS |
Performing Arts Data Service
|
| PICS |
Platform for Internet Content Selection
|
| PND |
Personennamendatei
|
| POSIX |
Portable Operating System Interface
|
| Precision |
The number of relevant documents retrieved divided by the total number of documents retrieved.
|
| R |
| RFC |
IETF Request for Comments
|
| RDF |
Resource Description Framework
|
| PURL |
Persistent Uniform Resource Locator.
|
| RDNet |
Resource Discovery Network - the UK's centre for its national subject gateways
|
| Recall |
The number of relevant documents retrieved divided by the total number of relevant documents in the collection.
|
| REYNARD |
A project proposal for building a broker service to national gateways in Europe, managed my Koninklijke Bibliotheek, National Library of the Netherlands
|
| RFC |
IETF Request for Comments
|
| ROADS |
Resource Organisation and Discovery in Subject-based services - a set of software tools to enable the set up and maintenance of Web based subject gateways.
|
| S |
| SAB |
Sveriges Allmänna Biblioteksförening
|
| SBCS |
single-byte character sets
|
| Scalability |
The potential of a system for dealing with expansion
|
| Search engine |
On the Internet, a search engine has three parts: 1) A spider (also called a "crawler" or a "bot") that goes to every page or representative pages on every Web site that wants to be searchable and reads it, using hypertext links on each page to discover and read a site's other pages 2) A program that creates a huge index (sometimes called a "catalog") from the pages that have been read 3) A program that receives your search request, compares it to the entries in the index, and returns results to you (definition taken from the whatis.com Web site)
|
| Searching |
Information retrieval by entering one or more keywords into a search engine
|
| SGML |
Standard general Mark-up Language
|
| SOSIG |
The Social Science Information Gateway (UK)
|
| SUTRS |
Simple Unstructured Text Record
|
| T |
| TEI |
Text Encoding Initiative
|
| Thesaurus |
A device for vocabulary control, usually for a specific subject area, indicating preferred terms, non-preferred terms, and semantic relations between terms; the terms are in ordinary human language.
|
| U |
| UBCIM |
IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Programme
|
| Unicode |
A universal 16-bit encoding for the scripts of the world's principal languages
|
| UCS |
Universal Character Set
|
| UDC |
Universal Decimal Classification
|
| UNIMARC |
Universal MARC format
|
| URL-minder |
a service based in California, USA, twhich enables you to track changes made to Web sites and URLS
|
| Usability |
the degree of ease with which human beings can interact with an object, in particular a computer system
|
| UTF |
UCS transformation formats - encodings for ISO 10646 or UNICODE
|
| UNIMARC |
Universal MARC format
|
| V |
| VADS |
Visual Arts Data Service
|
| W |
| W3C |
World Wide Web Consortium
|
| Whois++ |
A 'lightweight' Internet protocol for information retrieval
|
| X |
| X.500 |
An ISO directory protocol
|
| XML |
Extensible Markup Language. A lightweight version of SGML designed for use on the Internet
|
| Z |
| Z39.50 |
An ANSI/NISO developed protocol for information retrieval - also known as ISO 23950
|
